ANIMEPEDIA – Satu abad silam, tepatnya 1917, Jepang mengenal medium hiburan baru bernama anime. Waktu itu, istilah “anime” belum menjadi ikon budaya pop global seperti sekarang. Di negeri asalnya, anime hanya berarti animasi, mencakup karya lokal maupun asing. Namun, di luar Jepang, kata ini kini identik dengan gaya visual khas Negeri Sakura, mata besar, ekspresi dramatis, warna mencolok, dan narasi yang kerap melintasi batas tema, dari dongeng anak-anak hingga drama politik-filosofis.
Era Awal: Layar Hitam Putih dan Propaganda (1910-an – 1940-an)
Anime pertama, Namakura Gatana (1917), hanya berdurasi empat menit. Ceritanya sederhana, seorang samurai membeli pedang tumpul. Karya itu lahir di tengah pengaruh kuat animasi Barat. Pada 1930-an hingga 1940-an, anime juga menjadi alat propaganda Perang Dunia II. Film seperti Momotarō: Umi no Shinpei (1945) diproduksi untuk membakar semangat patriotik warga Jepang.
Era Klasik: Tezuka dan Lahirnya Industri Televisi (1950-an – 1970-an)
Osamu Tezuka, yang kelak dijuluki “Bapak Anime”, mempelopori gaya gambar modern lewat Astro Boy (1963). Serial ini bukan hanya memikat anak-anak Jepang, tapi juga memperkenalkan format tayangan mingguan yang menjadi standar industri. Pada era ini, anime mulai diekspor ke luar negeri, meski sering diubah alurnya demi pasar lokal. Genre mecha seperti Mazinger Z mulai muncul, memadukan fiksi ilmiah dan drama karakter.
Era Emas: Eksperimen dan Kultus Global (1980-an – 1990-an)
Teknologi animasi membaik, cerita makin kompleks. Studio Ghibli berdiri, melahirkan mahakarya seperti My Neighbor Totoro dan Grave of the Fireflies. Di sisi lain, Mobile Suit Gundam dan Neon Genesis Evangelion menciptakan subkultur penggemar fanatik. VHS dan laserdisc membuat anime bisa dikoleksi, mengubahnya dari tontonan televisi menjadi barang koleksi bernilai.
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