KUNINGAN – Transisi status hukum Perusahaan Umum Daerah Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (Perumda BPR) Kuningan menjadi Perseroan Daerah Bank Perekonomian Rakyat (Perseroda BPR) mendapat sorotan tajam dari Fraksi Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) DPRD Kabupaten Kuningan. Dalam rapat paripurna Pandangan Umum Fraksi pada Kamis (30/10/2025), PKB menegaskan bahwa perubahan status ini bukan sekadar urusan check-list administratif, melainkan menyangkut arah filosofi dan orientasi ekonomi daerah di masa depan.
Fraksi PKB, melalui juru bicaranya, H. Uci Suryana., SE menyampaikan apresiasi prinsipil terhadap langkah pemerintah daerah yang menindaklanjuti amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan. Regulasi tersebut mengharuskan seluruh BPR berbadan hukum daerah menyesuaikan diri paling lambat 12 Januari 2026. Namun, PKB menilai, perubahan dari format Perumda yang berorientasi pelayanan menjadi Perseroda yang berorientasi profit membawa konsekuensi serius, baik secara hukum, sosial, maupun moral.
“Perubahan status ini harus dilihat bukan hanya dari sisi kepatuhan regulasi, tetapi juga dari sudut pandang kemaslahatan umat. Kami ingin memastikan bahwa orientasi pelayanan publik BPR tidak tergeser oleh semangat mencari keuntungan semata,” ujar Uci.
PKB menyoroti tiga persoalan mendasar yang muncul dari transformasi BPR menjadi Perseroda yaitu potensi tergerusnya fungsi sosial oleh orientasi keuntungan, prinsip pertanggungjawaban terbatas pemegang saham, dan kerentanan terhadap intervensi politik dalam pengelolaan perusahaan.
Pertama, Krisis Fungsi Sosial. Kekhawatiran publik, menurut PKB, patut menjadi perhatian serius. Dengan berubahnya status menjadi Perseroda, perusahaan akan beroperasi layaknya perseroan terbatas, yang secara inheren berorientasi pada laba (profit-oriented). Hal ini dikhawatirkan dapat menurunkan komitmen BPR terhadap fungsi pelayanan publik yang selama ini menjadi ujung tombak akses keuangan bagi masyarakat menengah bawah, petani, dan UMKM.
“BPR dibangun untuk melayani masyarakat menengah bawah, bukan semata-mata untuk mencari keuntungan. Ketika berubah menjadi Perseroda, kekhawatiran yang muncul adalah publik kehilangan kendali terhadap arah kebijakan dan pelayanan yang semakin komersial,” ungkap Jubir PKB.
Kedua, Pertanggungjawaban Terbatas vs. Fikih. PKB juga menyinggung soal prinsip pertanggungjawaban terbatas (limited liability) yang melekat pada sistem perseroan. Dalam pandangan fikih Islam, konsep ini dianggap tidak sejalan dengan kaidah al-ghunmu bil-ghurmi bahwa siapa yang berhak atas keuntungan juga harus siap menanggung kerugian.
“Jika manajemen atau pemegang saham hanya menanggung risiko sebatas modal yang disetorkan, maka di mana letak tanggung jawab moral dan sosialnya ketika terjadi kerugian besar yang ditanggung daerah?” jelasnya.
Sebagai solusi mendasar, fraksi PKB mengusulkan agar model bisnis Perseroda BPR ke depan mempertimbangkan skema keuangan syariah yang dinilai lebih adil dan beretika, seperti syirkah muqayyadah (persekutuan terbatas) yang berbasis bagi hasil dan prinsip tanggung jawab bersama. “Manajemen perusahaan harus memiliki akuntabilitas penuh, bukan sekadar entitas bisnis yang berorientasi laba murni,” tegasnya.
Ketiga, Politisasi Jabatan. PKB menyoroti potensi intervensi politik dan politisasi jabatan dalam struktur Perseroda. Meskipun perubahan bertujuan meningkatkan profesionalisme, kepala daerah tetap memegang kewenangan besar dalam menentukan arah kebijakan dan penunjukan direksi.
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